Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine co-administered with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults ≥50 years of age: A randomized trial

BackgroundThis study evaluated immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) when the first dose was co-administered with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in adults aged ≥50 years.MethodsIn this open label, multi-center study (NCT02045836), participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either the first dose of RZV and PPSV23, co-administered at Day 0 and the second dose of RZV at Month 2 (Co-Ad group), or PPSV23 at Day 0, the first dose of RZV at Month 2 and second dose of RZV at Month 4 (Control group). Co-primary objectives were the RZV vaccine response rate (VRR) in the Co-Ad group and the non-inferiority of the antibody responses to RZV and PPSV23 in the Co-Ad group compared to the Control group. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed.Results865 participants were vaccinated (Co-Ad: 432, Control: 433). VRRs to RZV were >98% in both groups. Humoral immune responses to co-administration of RZV and PPSV23 were non-inferior to sequential administration. All three co-primary immunogenicity objectives were met. Solicited local symptoms after the first RZV dose were reported by similar percentages of participants in both groups. Solicited general symptoms were more frequently reported when the first dose of RZV and PPSV23 were co-administered. No differences were apparent between groups after the second RZV dose.ConclusionsNo immunologic interference was observed between RZV and PPSV23 when co-administered in adults ≥50 years. No safety concerns were raised.     

Immunologic non-inferiority and safety of the investigational pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) 4-dose vial presentation compared to the licensed PHiD-CV 1-dose vial presentation in infants: A phase III randomized study

BackgroundTo support vaccination programs in developing countries, a 4-dose vial presentation of pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was developed. This study assessed immunologic non-inferiority and safety of the investigational PHiD-CV 4-dose versus licensed 1-dose vial presentation in infants.MethodsIn this phase III, mono-center, observer-blind study in Bangladesh, 6–10-week-old infants were randomized 1:1 to receive PHiD-CV primary vaccination (at ages 6, 10, 18 weeks) and a booster dose (at age 9 months) with a 4-dose vial (with preservative, 4DV group) or 1-dose vial (preservative-free, 1DV group). DTPw-HBV/Hib was (co)-administered per study protocol and polio, measles and rubella vaccines as part of the national immunization program. Non-inferiority of PHiD-CV 4-dose versus 1-dose vial for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype (VT) and vaccine-related serotype 19A in terms of antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) was assessed (criterion: upper limit of 2-sided 95% confidence interval of antibody GMC ratios [1DV/4DV] <2-fold). Immune responses were measured. Solicited, unsolicited and serious adverse events (AEs) were evaluated.ResultsOf 320 infants (160 per group) vaccinated during the primary vaccination phase, 297 received a booster. Non-inferiority was demonstrated for each VT and 19A. One month post-primary vaccination, for most VT, ≥97.9% of infants in each group had antibody concentrations ≥0.2 μg/mL; for 19A ≥ 80.1% reached this threshold. Pneumococcal antibody responses and opsonophagocytic activity for each VT and 19A were within similar ranges between groups after primary and booster vaccination, as were anti-protein D responses. Booster immune responses were observed in both groups. Reported AEs were within similar ranges for both presentations.ConclusionImmunologic non-inferiority of PHiD-CV 4-dose vial (with preservative) versus PHiD-CV 1-dose vial (preservative-free) was demonstrated. Immune responses and reactogenicity following primary/booster vaccination were within similar ranges for both presentations. PHiD-CV 4-dose vial would help improve access and coverage in resource-limited countries.Clinical Trial Registry: NCT02447432.     

金水宝胶囊中发酵虫草菌粉多糖的指纹图谱研究

目的建立金水宝胶囊发酵虫草菌粉多糖的指纹图谱。方法沸水回流提取金水宝胶囊中的发酵虫草菌粉多糖,经酸水解和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化后采用HPLC法分析,色谱条件为Phenomenex OOG-4252-EO C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液梯度洗脱,体积流量1 m L/min,进样量20μL,检测波长250 nm,柱温30℃。结果对组成发酵虫草菌粉多糖的11种单糖成分进行鉴别,并建立了发酵虫草菌粉多糖指纹图谱。通过指纹图谱分析10批金水宝胶囊中各单糖成分,相似度均大于0.999,无显著性差异。结论建立的发酵虫草菌粉多糖指纹图谱操作简单,专属性强,重复性好,能够客观评价金水宝胶囊的质量。     

高山红景天多糖的硫酸化修饰及DPPH自由基清除活性研究

目的优选高山红景天多糖(RSP)的最佳硫酸化修饰条件,提高RSP的抗氧化活性。方法利用氯磺酸-吡啶法对RSP进行了硫酸化修饰,并通过单因素实验确定了硫酸化反应的最佳工艺条件;应用红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对RSP和硫酸化高山红景天多糖(S-RSP)的理化性质进行了分析;通过测定RSP和S-RSP对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除能力,考察了S-RSP的取代度(DS)与多糖抗氧化活性之间的关系。结果当氯磺酸与吡啶的体积比为1∶4、反应时间为2 h、反应温度为60℃时,制得的S-RSP的含硫量最大值为18.83%,取代度最大值为2.38。RSP经硫酸化修饰后,增强了其抗氧化活性,S-RSP的DS与DPPH自由基清除能力存在一定的正比例关系。结论氯磺酸与吡啶的体积比影响S-RSP的DS大小;RSP经硫酸化修饰后通过改变多糖的极性而增加了其抗氧化能力。     

亲水作用色谱-质谱法测定麻黄根多糖单糖的组成

目的:建立一种亲水相互作用色谱-质谱(HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS)检测分析方法,用于直接检测麻黄根多糖的单糖组成。方法:采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),流动相A为乙腈-水(95∶5),B为乙腈-水(5∶95),柱温60℃,梯度洗脱(0~10 min,92%~70%A;10~10.1 min,70%~92%A;10.1~15 min,92%A),进样量2μL,流速0.2 m L·min~(-1);质谱采用电喷雾离子源,负离子模式下多反应离子检测。Turbo V离子源参数如下:毛细管电压-4.5 k V,源温度550℃;气帘气和碰撞气压力分别设为30 psi和10 psi;雾化气和气化气压力均为55 psi,碰撞电池入口电位和出口电位均为-10 V。结果:该方法在12 min内实现8种未衍生单糖成分的完全基线分离,精密度、稳定性和重复性的RSD均2.1%,各成分的回收率在99.3%~102.5%,RSD在1.5%~2.9%,应用上述建立的方法分别对5批麻黄根多糖进行单糖组成分析,结果显示,麻黄根中检测到5种单糖分别为L-鼠类糖,L-阿拉伯糖,D-甘露糖,D-半乳糖,D-半乳糖醛酸。结论:HILICUPLC-MS/MS方法灵敏度高、重复性好、快速、准确、样品前处理简单、无需衍生化,可用于植物多糖中单糖及寡糖的快速检测。     

中药植物多糖对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的作用机制研究进展

胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)是2型糖尿病的重要病理生理机制,对胰岛素抵抗的治疗成为防治2型糖尿病的关键。目前,防治2型糖尿病,已经从降糖为主发展到利用胰岛素抵抗为靶点的综合治疗策略。中药多糖对改善2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗具有良好的疗效,与西药治疗糖尿病胰岛素抵抗相比,中药多糖具有安全、疗效好、价格低的优势。但对其作用机制还缺乏科学系统的归纳。本文应用计算机中国知网数据库(CNKI),检索关键词"2型糖尿病,多糖,胰岛素抵抗",纳入全部有关中药植物多糖治疗糖尿病的文献,进行分析、归纳、总结。目的对中药多糖治疗2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的作用机制作一简要综述,希望为今后有关中药植物多糖种类、中药剂量以及服用时间等研究提供参考依据,开发出服用更便捷,疗效更好,更安全的新制剂。     

大蒜多糖近10年在化学、工艺质量、药理及应用方面的总结

目的:大蒜作为传统的调味品,同时具有良好的药用价值,属药食两用中药。传统上,大蒜主要用于消肿、解毒、杀虫;现代研究表明,大蒜在防治肿瘤、缓解三高、降低胆固醇以及延缓衰老等方面都有良好的药理活性,受到了众多学者青睐。大蒜主要含有蒜氨酸、大蒜辣素[其不稳定,分解生成小分子硫化物,主要包括二丙烯三硫化物(DATS),二烯丙基二硫化物(DADS),二烯丙基硫化物(DAS)等,这些成分也是大蒜油的主要成分],蒜氨酸酶、大蒜挥发油、大蒜皂苷、大蒜多糖、微量元素等;其中,大蒜多糖是大蒜中一类重要的化学成分,它也是大蒜药效的物质基础之一。大蒜多糖相对分子质量在9~10 k Da,属于小分子杂多糖,水解发现其主要含有果糖、葡萄糖等,质量控制主要为检测总多糖和多糖分解后的单糖含量;大蒜中大蒜多糖的含量在70%以上;提取方法主要有回流提取法、超声提取法、酶法等。大蒜多糖具有增强免疫、抗氧化、抗病毒、保肝、保护心肌、防止心肌纤维化等多种生物活性,可开发成药品与保健品;除此之外,它还可以作为食品原辅料,用于食品生产。因此,大蒜多糖具有重要的研究价值和开发利用前景。本文就近10年对大蒜多糖的组成、提取纯化方法、含量测定、药理活性、应用等内容进行了全面归纳总结,为其深入研究开发利用提供一定的参考。     

正交试验结合苯酚-硫酸法优选茅苍术中多糖的提取工艺

目的:优选出茅苍术中多糖成分的最佳水提取工艺。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取多糖成分,以苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖的含量。以总多糖含量为评价指标,以提取时间、提取次数和加水量为影响因素,采用正交试验优选茅苍术中总多糖的最佳提取工艺。结果:茅苍术中多糖成分的最佳提取工艺为水提取3次,每次加水10倍量,每次提取1.0小时。结论:正交试验结合苯酚-硫酸法考察茅苍术中多糖成分的最佳水提取工艺稳定可行。     

Characterizing the specific coaggregation between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c strains and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277

A visual coaggregation study showed specific interspecies coaggregation between an Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c strain and Porphyromonas gingivalis strains ATCC 33277 and 381. We mutagenized A. actinomycetemcomitans SUNYaB 67 (serotype c) with transposon IS903phikan and isolated three transposon insertion mutants that had a reduced ability to aggregate with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. The three transposon insertions in the mutant strains mapped to the genes at ORF12, ORF13 and ORF16 of the gene cluster responsible for producing serotype c-specific polysaccharide antigen (SPA). Western blot analysis with serotype c-specific antibody showed that these strains did not produce the high-molecular-mass smear of SPA. Furthermore, two SPA-deficient mutants and an SPA-producing mutant were constructed. The two SPA-deficient mutants were deficient for ORF12 and ORF14, which are necessary for the synthesis of serotype c-SPA, and the SPA-producing mutant was deficient for ORF17, which is not related to SPA synthesis. The ORF12- and ORF14-deficient mutants showed reduced ability to aggregate with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, while the ORF17-deficient mutant aggregated with ATCC 33277 to the same extent as wild-type SUNYaB 67. Our findings suggest that serotype c-SPA of A. actinomycetemcomitans mediates coaggregation with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277.     

当归多糖对高糖状态下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨向分化的影响

目的 探讨当归多糖（ASP）对高糖状态下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）成骨向分化的影响。方法 培养并收集第3代BMSCs进行成骨成脂分化诱导鉴定。将BMSCs分为3组进行培养：正常对照组（葡萄糖浓度5.5 mmol·L ^-1）、高糖组（葡萄糖浓度25.5 mmol·L ^-1）、ASP+高糖组（葡萄糖浓度25.5 mmol·L ^-1+40 mg·L ^-1 ASP）。CCK8检测各组BMSCs的增殖活性,茜素红染色和碱性磷酸酶活性检测成骨活性。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测成骨标记基因Runt相关转录因子2（Runx-2）、锌指结构转录因子（Osx）、骨钙蛋白（OCN）、Ⅰ型胶原酶（COL-Ⅰ）mRNA及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路关键因子CyclinD1及β-catenin的mRNA表达。建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,将大鼠分为3组：正常对照组（正常大鼠）、糖尿病组（糖尿病大鼠）、糖尿病+ASP组（糖尿病大鼠,ASP喂养）,制备大鼠胫骨骨缺损,进行组织学检测,观察骨缺损修复情况。结果 高糖组、ASP+高糖组的BMSCs增殖高于正常对照组（P<0.05）,高糖组和ASP+高糖组二者之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。高糖组中BMSCs钙结节数量、碱性磷酸酶活性及Runx-2、OCN、Osx、COL-Ⅰ、CyclinD1、β-catenin的mRNA表达均低于正常对照组和ASP+高糖组（P<0.05）,正常对照组和ASP+高糖组之间无统计学差异（P<0.05）。组织学检测结果显示,糖尿病组骨小梁数量少于正常对照组和糖尿病+ASP组（P<0.05）,而正常对照组和糖尿病+ASP组二者之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 ASP可促进高糖状态下大鼠BMSCs的成骨分化及2型糖尿病大鼠的骨缺损修复,这种促进作用可能与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活有关。